Armenia's Political Crisis After the Fall of Artsakh

Public anger and protests

The loss of Nagorno-Karabakh generated intense political controversy within Armenia.

Demonstrators criticized Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan and his government, accusing them of failing to prevent the loss of Artsakh and protect its Armenian population.

Some opposition figures demanded the government's resignation.

Others criticized earlier Armenian governments, arguing that decades of unresolved negotiations, military decisions, and strategic dependence had contributed to the outcome.

The crisis exposed deep disagreements about Armenia's national security, relationship with Russia, negotiations with Azerbaijan, and future foreign policy.

The government's position

Pashinyan argued that Armenia had to prioritize the sovereignty and security of the Republic of Armenia.

His government increasingly emphasized mutual recognition of internationally recognized borders and a peace agreement with Azerbaijan.

This approach involved difficult compromises concerning Nagorno-Karabakh's political status.

The government also faced responsibility for supporting refugees, strengthening Armenia's defenses, and preventing further conflict.

The refugee question in Armenian politics

Displaced Armenians from Nagorno-Karabakh became an important constituency with distinct needs and political concerns.

Some demanded stronger advocacy for return, property restitution, and the release of detainees.

Others prioritized housing, employment, and long-term security in Armenia.

By late 2025, the International Crisis Group warned that tensions between Armenia's peace strategy and the concerns of Nagorno-Karabakh refugees could deepen political divisions.

The central issue was whether Armenia could pursue peace with Azerbaijan while adequately protecting the rights and interests of the displaced population.

CIVILNET